【同义词辨析】 肮脏dirty-squalid

dirty: emphasizes the presence of dirt more than an emotional reaction to it: children ~ from play; or stresses meanness or despicableness: a ~ little secret.   (mean这里是不高尚,是贬义词但贬义不重,可以译成不良)


filthy: carries a strong suggestion of offensiveness and of gradually accumulated dirt that begrimes and besmears: a stained greasy floor, utterly ~; or extreme obscenity: ~ language.   (begrime: 泥污等弄脏) (besmear: 用油粘物弄脏) (stain: 液体等留下的污迹)  (obscene淫秽: 过度涉黄或暴力,如to behave obscenely举止下流)


foul: implies extreme offensiveness and an accumulation of what is rotten and stinking: a ~-smelling open sewer; or disgusting obscenity or loathsome behavior: a record of ~ deeds.   (sewer下水道)


nasty: applies to what is actually foul or is repugnant to one used to or expecting freshness, cleanliness, or sweetness: it's a ~ job to clean up after a sick cat; although in practice it is often no more than a synonym of unpleasant or disagreeable: his answer gave her a ~ shock.     (repugnant令人厌恶的)


squalid: adds to the idea of dirtiness and filth that of slovenly neglect: living in ~ poverty; or sordid baseness and dirtiness: had a series of ~ affairs.    (sordid肮脏卑鄙: dirty and dishonest脏不诚实: sordid details of their relationship他们关系的肮脏细节) (base卑鄙,比mean不高尚贬义重)


dirty脏的: 仅表示有泥污而不强调情绪反应,或不良让人轻视,filthy肮脏: 强调脏到冒犯(即极其讨厌),或下流淫秽,foul肮脏: 脏到极端冒犯发腐发臭淫秽恶心让人厌恶,nasty脏: 事实脏让人厌恶,常仅表示不让人喜欢,squalid肮脏: 增加了邋遢疏于管理的意思,或肮脏卑鄙


记忆方法: 1) 首字母记忆法,DFN想象成DouFuNao豆腐脑FS想象成FeiShui废水,做豆腐脑剩下的废水<==


         2) 肮脏的意思是物质上或道德上不干净纯洁mean either physically or morally unclean or impure.首字母记忆法,DFN想象成DouFuNao豆腐脑FS想象成FeiShui废水,做豆腐脑剩下的废水<==    foulfilthy意思相同都表示冒犯肮脏,但foul更强烈表示"极度";另外,解释squalid的base表示卑鄙(开头发音都是bei)也比解释dirty的mean(表示不高尚)强烈些